If you're in the habit of debating the rights and wrongs of socialism with the true believers, you will often hear that "socialism has never been tried". Thus the faithful will try to negate the fact that Socialism as implemented through history has been the ideology espoused by the most savagely repressive and murderous regimes, suggesting that the horrors of the soviet Gulag, Pol-pot's Cambodia or even Hitler's Germany (National SOCIALISTS) are something other than a necessary feature of regimes who subjugate the well being of the individual to the convenience of the state.
The problem is the state is amoral. The more power it has, the more it demands conformity to its ideals. Socialism has always had the idea that "soviet man" would, through indoctrination, better his brute nature and become a Stakhanovite hero, toiling for the greater good. There was, of course no room for an independent mind in this vision. Socialism simply cannot function in a democratic society because there will be people however cleverly to think you've designed the system, who will milk the welfare, refuse to work. They will accept "To each according to need" but ignore "From each according to his ability to pay". There will be people who just cannot accept the drudgery that the state may have decreed is his lot. In the end squaring this circle requires oppression. For the problem with socialism is that it falls foul of Human nature, and to rectify that is the Totalitarian project.
Even the "Communism is a nice idea" meme doesn't therefore stand up to more than a millisecond's scrutiny, but there are people who still believe. There is more evidence than intellectual thought-exercises. The Berlin wall was built to keep people IN. Every communist takeover in history has caused a refugee crisis in its neighbours. However much you think Pinochet was a git, he didn't depopulate the Chile by 10%, which is the average result of a communist regime (see here) - Allende's probable aim. A savage right-wing dictatorship is marginally less bad than your average Communist regime. Cuba, for example with its much lauded education and healthcare systems is so fantastic that people flee on rubber rings, running the gauntlet of navies, sharks and currents to get to the great capitalist nation, the USA. For many people living in Socialist lands, The USA is the shining city on the hill, as demonstrated by the effort hundreds of thousands made to get there, and other bastions of capitalist oppression like the UK.
The more extremely socialist the nation and the German Democratic Republic was considered pretty close, the more people are sacrificed to the ideal. Socialism demands that ever more individual lives are crushed or snuffed out. Even if you're a democratic socialist therefore you're on the intellectual road to the chankiri tree. Moderate readers will be horrified, but you'd be amazed how many socialists are prepared to condone the Gulag - the aim, unlike the Nazi death camps, you see, were "noble".
Then there's the economy. With the exception of a few nordic outliers with their homogenous populations of highly educated, nice people noted, there is a strong correlation between Tax as a proportion to GDP and per capita GDP. The correlation is negative. Because the state is an incompetent agent, money spent by the state generates less value to individuals than money spent by the private sector - about 30% the value. Which is why high tax economies grow slower than their low-tax equivalents.
More money, more freedom. Tax is oppressive.
Totalitarianism's opposite is liberalism. The idea that people should be free to choose their own paths. Most modern Liberals however still retain faith in a potentially benign state. If new Labour has taught us anything, it is that democracy can occasionaly put delusional nincompoops in charge. Worse, democracy encourages demagogues. Best therefore be on the safe side and not give them too much power to kill you, eh? And if you want to be free, it's important to be rich. So let's not let the state take too much of the fruits of your labours. It is worth stating again the state is truly amoral. Evil even. It may be a necessary evil, but it must be kept in check, and that means starving the beast of funds.
A Libertarian like me might decide that Libertarianism "has never been tried", but the libertarian has no promised land which is the destination. No individual is "expendable" for my political ends, which begin and end with the statement
"I do not desire power over my fellow man, and I desire none to have power over me"
All creeds, beliefs and politics are acceptable to a libertarian. If you're a communist, go live in a commune. You'll probably make it work. If you're an objectivist, become a businessman and run a corporation. Just don't impose your world-view on me.
Without an ideal, there can be no revolution. With no revolution, there's no overthrow there no revolution to be "counter", and no need for re-education camps. With no opinion on how others live their lives (so long as they don't harm me), I have no need to repress their individuality.
Because I don't judge people, I don't seek to use the state to favour client groups, which is why many libertarians favour a Citizen's Basic Income. With less bureaucracy, and lower ambitions, the state can take ever less of the national pie, leaving the people richer and freer, rather than having to beg for some of their money back, and facing obscene marginal tax rates if they want to get into work and off benefits.
This cannot happen at once. Indeed the withering away of state apparatus of conformity and repression will only come by the evolution of tolerance by people. Which is why I am optimistic: We as a society first accepted that other denominations, faiths
or none should have equal rights have accepted that people of differing sexualities are to be tolerated, then we expanded that acceptance (imperfectly but improving) to visibly different ethnic minorities. The state has played a role in this progression, and I would be a fool to deny it. But so has a broader enlightenment and civil society, and the power of the state to encourage tolerance is as nothing to the power of the state to repress and demand conformity.
The argument that in the shrinking of the state will lead to the UK falling to anarchy, and start to look like places like Somalia. The law of the jungle will prevail, and only the strongest will survive. This is nonsense. A withering state will be replaced by a network of civil society which will expand to fill the gaps left. Private provision can replace pensions, with charity covering the rest. People will still self-interestedly obey the rules of the road. They will also obey the rules of their Golf-club, and the rules of their work-place on pain of being blackballed or fired. Libertarianism is in favour of property rights, so theft, extortion and violence will remain illegal. A libertarian society is not one without laws.
Nor is libertarianism mere shilling for big business. Tight regulation of businesses favour only big corporations whose bureaucracies can cope with the slew of bumf needed to comply with regulations. This prevents competition from smaller, nimbler businesses, and turns big business into an arm of the state. Entrepreneurs are discouraged or bought out. The worker is crushed by an oppressive force less violent but less tolerant of dissent than the state. The corporation is a creature of the big state.
Just as society's attitudes to Jews, Homosexuals, Blacks has changed sufficiently to allow acceptance into a more tolerant society, so too should
kulaks, bankers, wealthy people, Chavs, homeowners, Travellers, the middle class, binge drinkers, drug-takers, Single parents, motorists, polyamourists, bigamists, cyclists and everyone else on the hate list of one tabloid or another. The evidence that the state shouldn't have an opinion of the gender or number of the persons into whom you shove your penis, is overwhelming. That runs true for economics too: the state should not seek to spend your money for you. The state should also seek to control your life as little as possible, and that includes for your own good. Every step this way is a step towards libertarianism. There is no goal, except ever greater freedom for the individual to do with his life whatever he wants, share it with whomever he wants, with the only caveat that he does not initiate fraud or force against another person.
And no-one's had to die. Which is the main benefit of Liberalism/Libertarianism over authoritarian and socialist ideologies. I DON'T want to kill you if you disagree with me. Socialists do. Don't believe me? Go and talk to a true believer.